Completing Sentence কাকে বলে- (Completing Sentence এর প্রকার)

Completing Sentence কাকে বলে ?

Completing Sentence কথাটির অর্থ হলো অসমাপ্ত বাক্য সমাপ্তকরণ। একটি অসমাপ্ত বাক্য নানাভাবে সমাপ্ত করা যায়। এক্ষেত্রে বাক্যের গঠন সম্পর্কে ধারণা, শব্দ ভাণ্ডার এবং চিন্তার সৃজনশীলতা পূর্ণাঙ্গ বাক্য রচনায় সহায়তা করে। নিম্নে Completing Sentence সম্পর্কে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা করা হলো

Rules of Completing Sentences

01. As / Since (যেহেতু) Because (কারণ)

Structure: As / Since / because + কারণ প্রকাশক clause + ফল প্রকাশক clause অথবা, ফল প্রকাশক clause + as / since / because + কারণ প্রকাশক clause.

• Incomplete: As / Since you have a lot of money, 一一
• Complete: As / Since you have a lot of money,  you can buy a car.

02. “Completing Sentence” Since (কোনো নির্দিষ্ট ঘটনার পর থেকে / হতে)

Structure – 1: Clause (present tense) + since + clause (past indefinite).

• Incomplete: Many years have passed since 一一.
• Complete: Many years have passed since I passed the SSC examination.

Structure – 2: Clause (past tense) + since + clause (past perfect).

• Incomplete: It was a year since 一一
• Complete: It was a year since they had passed the HSC examination.

03. “Completing Sentence” Though / Although (যদিও)

Structure: Though / Although + clause ‘ + বৈপরীত্য প্রকাশ করে এমন কোনো clause. এক্ষেত্রে complex sentence- এর principal clause subordinate clause- টি পরস্পরের প্রতি বিপরীত্য প্রকাশ করে।

• Incomplete: Though he is poor, 一一.
• Complete: Though he is poor, he is honest.

04. “Completing Sentence” As if / As though (এমনভাবে যেন)

Structure – 1: Clause (present tense) + as if/as though + clause (past indefinite tense).

Structure – 2: Clause (past tense) + as if/as though + clause (past perfect tense).

• Incomplete: He acts as though/as if一一.
• Complete: He acts as though/as if he were mad.

Note: As if / as though এর পরে ‘be’ verb- এর past from হিসেবে সকল subject- এর পরেই were বসে।

• Incomplete: He acted as though / as if-.
• Complete: He acted as though/as if he had been mad.

05. “Completing Sentence” If (যদি)

মূল Structure: if + শর্ত প্রকাশক clause, + ফল প্রকাশক clause.

Structure 1: If + clause (present indefinite tense), + clause (future indefinite tense).

• Incomplete: If you read more, 一一
• Complete: If you read more, you will learn more.

Structure 2: If + clause (past indefinite), + clause (past conditional = subject + would/could/might (not) + verb-এর base form).

• Incomplete: If you studied hard, 一一.
• Complete: If you studied hard, you would not fail in the examination.

Structure 3: If + clause (past perfect), + clause (perfect conditional) = subject + would/could/might/(not) + have + verb-এর past participle form).

• Incomplete: If I had found him, 一一.
• Complete: If I had found him, I could have told him about you.

এক্ষেত্রেও auxiliary verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত had-কে subject-এর পূর্বে বসালে if ছাড়াই conditional clause (past perfect) -এর অর্থ প্রকাশ করে। ফলে পরবর্তী clause-টি একই structure অনুসরণ করে।

• Incomplete: Had I been rich, 一一.
• Complete: Had I been rich, I would have helped the poor villagers.

06. “Completing Sentence” So that/in order that (যাতে / যার ফলে)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + … + so that / in order that + subject + can / may অথবা, could / might + verb-এর base form (present form), পূর্ববর্তী clause-টি present / future tense হলে পরবর্তী clause-এ can / may ব্যবহৃত হবে এবং পূর্ববর্তী clause-টি Past tense হলে পরবর্তী clause-এ could / might ব্যবহৃত হবে।

Note: clause = subject + finite verb + অন্যান্য (যদি থাকে)।

Example:

• Incomplete: We eat so that一一.
• Complete: We eat so that we may live.
• Incomplete: Read attentively so that一一.
• Complete: Read attentively so that you may pass.

07. “Completing Sentence” So ……… that (এতই ….. যে)

Structure – 1: (subject) + verb + so + adjective / adverb … + that + subject + can / could + (not) + verb-এর base form ….

Structure – 2: (subject) + verb + so + adjective / adverb … + that + subject shall / will + (not) + verb-এর base form ….

Structure – 3: (subject) + verb + so + adjective / adverb … + that + subject + do / does / did + not + verb-এর base form …..

Structure – 4: (subject) + verb + so + adjective / adverb … + that + subject + verb-এর present form / past form + ….

• Incomplete: He is so weak一一.
• Complete: He is so weak that he cannot do the work.
• Incomplete: He was so strong一一.
• Complete: He was so strong that he could do the work easily.

08. “Completing Sentence” Such … that (এমন … যে)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + such (a / an) + adjective + noun + that clause.

• Incomplete: He is such an honest boy一一.
• Complete: He is such an honest boy that he cannot/does not tell lies.

09. “Completing Sentence” Lest (পাছে / যাতে না)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + … lest + subject + should / might + verb-এর base form …. Lest-এর ডানে কখনও না-বোধক (negative) শব্দ বসে না।

• Incomplete: Work hard lest一一.
• Complete: Work hard lest you should / might fail.

10.”Completing Sentence” As long as (যতক্ষণ ধরে / যতক্ষণ যাবৎ)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + … + as long as + subject + verb ….

• Incomplete: The man worked as long as 一一.
• Complete: The man worked as long as he could.

11. “Completing Sentence” Until / Till (যতক্ষণ পর্যন্ত না)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + … until / till + subject + verb ….

Note: Until দ্বারা আরম্ভ হওয়া clause-টি কখনও negative হয় না।

• Incomplete: We waited for him until 一一.
• Complete: We waited for him until he came back.
• Incomplete: Will you wait till 一一
• Complete: Will you wait till I return

12. “Completing Sentence” Unless (if … not) (যদি না)

Unless- এর ঠিক পরের clause- টি শর্ত প্রকাশ করে এবং অন্য clause- টি ফলাফল প্রকাশ করে। Unless- এর ঠিক পরের clause- টি কখনও negative (না-বোধক) হয় না।

Structure: Unless + শর্ত প্রকাশক clause + ফলাফল প্রকাশ clause.

• Incomplete: Unless the man works hard, 一一.
• Complete: Unless the man works hard, he will not shine.

13. “Completing Sentence” After / before (পরে / পূর্বে)

অতীতকালে সংঘটিত দু’টি ঘটনার মধ্যে একটি অপেক্ষাকৃত আগে এবং অন্যটি অপেক্ষাকৃত পরে বুঝাতে পূর্বে সংঘটিত ঘটনাটি Past perfect tense-এ হবে।

Structure – 1: Clause (past indefinite tense) + after + clause (past perfect tense).

Structure – 2: Clause (past perfect tense) + before + clause (past perfect tense).

• Incomplete: He went to bed after一一.
• Complete: He went to bed after he had learnt his lessons.
• Incomplete: They had worked hard before.
• Complete: They had worked hard before they prospered in life.

14. “Completing Sentence” Who (যে / যিনি / যারা), Which (যেটি / যা), that (যে / যা / যারা)

Main clause- এর noun বা pronoun- এর পর Adjective clause- এর subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Incomplete: Munni is a doctor who一一.
• Complete: Munni is a doctor who works in DMCH.
• Incomplete: There is a bridge which一一.
• Complete: There is a bridge that is broken.

15. “Completing Sentence” Whom (যাকে / যাদেরকে), Which (যেটি / যা)

Main clause- এর কোনো noun বা pronoun- এর পর বসে এবং Adjective clause- এর object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এক্ষেত্রে whom ও which- এর পর clause এর ভিন্ন subject বসাতে হবে।

• Incomplete: Dr Munir is my teacher who一一.
• Complete: Dr Munir is my teacher whom I respect very much.
• Incomplete: He gave me a wrist watch which一一.
• Complete: He gave me a wristwatch which I use regularly.

16. “Completing Sentence” Whose (যার / যাদের), of Which (যেটির / যেগুলোর)

ব্যক্তির মালিকানাধীন কিছু বুঝাতে antecedent- এরপর Whose + (Noun) বসে এবং বস্তুর ক্ষেত্রে of which বসে।

• Incomplete: This is the man whose 一一.
• Complete: This is the man whose bag is lost.
• Incomplete: It is a table of which一一.
• Complete: It is a table with two broken legs.

17. “Completing Sentence” When (যখন – তখন)

Structure: When + subordinate clause (past) + Principal clause (Past)

(i) When the teacher entered the classroom, the students stood up.

(ii) When the rain stopped, we started for school.

Or, we started for school when the rain stopped.

Structure: When + subordinate clause (Present) + Principal clause (Present/future).

(i) When you have succeeded in your life, your parents will be happy.

Or, your parents will be happy when you have succeeded in your life.

(ii) When he has got a visa, he will go to India.

18. “Completing Sentence” While (যখন – তখন)

Structure: While + past / present continuous + past / present simple.

Note: While এর পর Subject বসালে clause টি past continuous tense হয় অথবা while + verb + ing — বসে এবং main clause টি past indefinite tense হয়।

• Incomplete: While I was walking in my garden, 一一.
• Complete: While I was walking in my garden, I saw a very nice bird.

Or, while walking in my garden, I saw a very nice bird.

Or, I saw a very nice bird while (I was) walking in my garden.

19. Why (কেন / কী কারণে)

• Incomplete: We do not know why一一.
• Complete: We do not know why he comes here.

20. Whenever (যখনই)

• Incomplete: Whenever he comes here, 一一.
• Complete: Whenever he comes here, he meets me/he makes a noise.
• Incomplete: Whenever I see him, 一一.
• Complete: I become happy / I find joy whenever I see him.

21. How (যেভাবে / কিভাবে)

• Incomplete: I do not know 一一.
• Complete: I do not know how he did the work.
• Incomplete: This is the method of how 一一.
• Complete: This is the method I solve the problem.

22. However (যতই / যাই হোক না কেন)

• Incomplete: However strong you may be, 一一.
• Complete: However strong you may be, you cannot carry this heavy load.

23. The place where (সেই স্থান যেখানে)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + … the place + where + clause.

Note: Place- এর পরিবর্তে অন্য কোন শব্দও বসতে পারে যার দ্বারা place বা স্থান বুঝায়।

• Incomplete: A college is the place where 一一.
• Complete: A college is the place where students gain knowledge.

24. The time when (সেই সময় যখন)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + … the time + when + clause.

Note: time- এর পরিবর্তে অন্য কোন শব্দও বসাতে পারে যার দ্বারা time বা স্থান বুঝায়।

• Incomplete: Spring is the season when 一一.
• Complete: Spring is the season when nature assumes a new look.

25. “Completing Sentence” It is high time / It is time (এখনই সময়)

কোন কাজ করার উপযুক্ত সময় ইতোমধ্যেই অতিবাহিত হয়েছে, তাই আর দেরি না করে এখনই কাজটি শুরু করা উচিত – এরূপ বুঝাতে It is high time / It is time এবং পরে subject ও verb- এর past form বসে।

Structure: It is high time / It is time + subject + verb- এর past form + (others).

• Incomplete: It is high time / It is time 一一.
• Complete: It is high time / It is time we went to college.

26. No sooner ….. than

No sooner … than : ‘যেতে না যেতেই’, ‘করতে না করতেই’, পৌঁছতে না পৌঁছতেই’ ইত্যাদি অর্থ বুঝাতে ‘No sooner + had + Verb- এর Past Participle + Other words + than + Past Indefinite হয়। যেমন-

• Incomplete: No sooner had he reached the station than 一一.
• Complete: No sooner had he reached the station than the train started.

27. Scarcely …. when, Hardly …. when

Scarcely …. when, Hardly … when দিয়েও একই নিয়মে বাক্য গঠন করতে হয়। Incomplete- এ Scarcely / hardly + had + Verb- এর past participle থাকলে complete করার সময় gap অংশে when + Past Indefinite Tense এর Clause হয়। যেমন-

• Incomplete: Scarcely had we reached the stadium when 一一.
• Complete: Scarcely had we reached the stadium when it rained.

28. In case / provided (that) / providing (that) / if (যদি)

In case / provided (that) / if- এর ঠিক পরের clause- টি শর্ত প্রকাশ করে এবং অন্য clause- টি ফলাফল প্রকাশ করে।

Structure – 1: In case / provided (that) / providing (that) + শর্ত প্রকাশ clause (present indefinite), + ফলাফল প্রকাশক clause (Present / future indefinite).

• Incomplete: We shall play provided (that) / providing (that) / in case 一一.
• Complete: We shall play provided (that) / providing (that) / in case it does not rain.

Structure – 2: In case / provided (that) / providing (that) + শর্ত প্রকাশ clause (past tense), + ফলাফল প্রকাশক clause (past tense).

• Incomplete: In case you studied hard, 一一.
• Complete: In case you studied hard, you could pass the exam.

আরো পড়ুনঃ Sentence কাকে বলে? Sentence কত প্রকার ও কি কি?

Rules of Completing a Sentence by 10-minute school